A high-flux membrane electrode assemblyfor CO2 electroreduction to 4.5 M formatewith over 8,000 h stability
Jing-Jing Li, Hong-Juan Wang, Chao Zhang, Yu Li, Jiqing Jiao, Lin-Lin Wang, Cuo Wu, Di-Chang Zhong, Zhen-Yu Wu, Zi-You Yu*, Tong-Bu Lu*
The direct electroreduction of CO2 at an electrolyte-free cathode to generate liquid chemical products with high concentration, selectivity and stability is highly desired, yet extremely challenging, and such systems are lacking. Here we report a high-flux membrane electrode assembly design that uses core–shell structural Cu/Bi nanowires grown on three-dimensional Cu foam with a mean pore size of 190 μm (3D-Cu/Bi) as the cathode. Benefiting from the abundant active sites and high permeability of 3D-Cu/Bi, the catholyte-free membrane electrode assembly-based electrolyser can directly convert CO2 into formate with a high concentration of 4.5 M and maintain a high Faradaic efficiency of ~90% for 8,000 h at 200 mA cm−2. We further demonstrate the continuous production of concentrated formate solution with a scaled-up 100 cm2 electrolyser at 20 A for over 2,000 h.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-026-01524-9
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